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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can lead to the development of organisms over time. This includes the appearance and development of new species.

A variety of examples have been provided of this, including various kinds of stickleback fish that can live in salt or fresh water, as well as walking stick insect varieties that favor specific host plants. These mostly reversible traits permutations do not explain the fundamental changes in the basic body plan.

Evolution through Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all the living organisms that inhabit our planet for centuries. The most well-known explanation is that of Charles Darwin's natural selection, a process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more successfully than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, the number of well-adapted individuals becomes larger and eventually forms an entirely new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of three factors that are: reproduction, variation and inheritance. Mutation and sexual reproduction increase the genetic diversity of the species. Inheritance refers the transmission of a person's genetic traits, which include both dominant and recessive genes to their offspring. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, viable offspring, which includes both asexual and sexual methods.

Natural selection only occurs when all these elements are in equilibrium. If, for example an allele of a dominant gene causes an organism reproduce and last longer than the recessive allele then the dominant allele becomes more common in a population. However, if the gene confers a disadvantage in survival or reduces fertility, it will be eliminated from the population. The process is self-reinforcing, meaning that an organism with a beneficial characteristic will survive and reproduce more than an individual with an inadaptive characteristic. The more offspring that an organism has, the greater its fitness, which is measured by its capacity to reproduce and survive. Individuals with favorable traits, like a long neck in the giraffe, or bright white patterns on male peacocks, are more likely than others to survive and reproduce, which will eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is an aspect of populations and not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which holds that animals acquire traits either through use or lack of use. For instance, if the Giraffe's neck grows longer due to stretching to reach prey its offspring will inherit a larger neck. The difference in neck length between generations will continue until the neck of the giraffe becomes too long to no longer breed with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

In genetic drift, the alleles at a gene may attain different frequencies in a population by chance events. In the end, one will attain fixation (become so common that it cannot be eliminated through natural selection) and other alleles will fall to lower frequency. In extreme cases it can lead to a single allele dominance. The other alleles have been basically eliminated and heterozygosity has diminished to zero. In a small population it could lead to the total elimination of the recessive allele. This scenario is called a bottleneck effect, and it is typical of evolutionary process that takes place when a large number of people migrate to form a new population.

A phenotypic bottleneck may occur when the survivors of a catastrophe like an epidemic or a massive hunting event, are condensed into a small area. The survivors will have an dominant allele, and will have the same phenotype. This can be caused by earthquakes, war or even plagues. The genetically distinct population, if it is left, could be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh and Ariew define drift as a departure from the expected value due to differences in fitness. They provide the famous case of twins who are both genetically identical and share the same phenotype. However, one is struck by lightning and dies, but the other continues to reproduce.

This kind of drift can play a crucial part in the evolution of an organism. However, it is not the only way to evolve. Natural selection is the most common alternative, where mutations and migration maintain the phenotypic diversity in a population.

Stephens asserts that there is a significant distinction between treating drift as an actual cause or force, and treating other causes such as migration and selection as causes and forces. He claims that a causal mechanism account of drift allows us to distinguish it from the other forces, and that this distinction is vital. He further argues that drift is both direction, i.e., it tends towards eliminating heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined based on the size of the population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

When high school students study biology, they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is often called "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms grow into more complex organisms by the inherited characteristics that result from the organism's natural actions, use and disuse. Lamarckism is illustrated through an giraffe's neck stretching to reach higher branches in the trees. This causes the necks of giraffes that are longer to be passed on to their offspring who would then grow even taller.

Lamarck was a French Zoologist. In his lecture to begin his course on invertebrate zoology held at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on 17 May 1802, he introduced an innovative concept that completely challenged previous thinking about organic transformation. According Lamarck, living organisms evolved from inanimate material by a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the only one to make this claim but he was regarded as the first to provide the subject a thorough and general explanation.

The prevailing story is that Lamarckism grew into an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection, and 에볼루션바카라 both theories battled out in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually triumphed, leading to the development of what biologists today refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory denies that acquired characteristics can be passed down and instead argues that organisms evolve through the selective influence of environmental elements, like Natural Selection.

While Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance through acquired characters and his contemporaries also spoke of this idea, it was never an integral part of any of their theories about evolution. This is largely due to the fact that it was never validated scientifically.

However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and, in the age of genomics there is a huge amount of evidence to support the possibility of inheritance of acquired traits. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is as valid as the popular neodarwinian model.

Evolution by the process of adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is being driven by a struggle for survival. This is a false assumption and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The fight for survival is better described as a struggle to survive in a particular environment. This can include not just other organisms but also the physical surroundings themselves.

Understanding how adaptation works is essential to comprehend evolution. Adaptation refers to any particular feature that allows an organism to live and reproduce in its environment. It could be a physical structure like feathers or fur. It could also be a trait of behavior such as moving to the shade during hot weather, or escaping the cold at night.

An organism's survival depends on its ability to extract energy from the environment and interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism should possess the right genes to produce offspring and be able find sufficient food and resources. In addition, the organism should be capable of reproducing itself at a high rate within its environment.

These factors, in conjunction with mutations and gene flow can cause a shift in the proportion of different alleles within a population’s gene pool. As time passes, this shift in allele frequencies could result in the emergence of new traits and ultimately new species.

Many of the features we admire in animals and plants are adaptations. For instance, lungs or gills that draw oxygen from air, fur and feathers as insulation, 에볼루션 바카라 사이트 long legs to run away from predators and camouflage to conceal. However, a complete understanding of adaptation requires a keen eye to the distinction between behavioral and 에볼루션 블랙잭 에볼루션 무료 바카라 사이트 - Freelancealie.Com - physiological traits.

Physiological traits like large gills and thick fur are physical traits. Behavioral adaptations are not, such as the tendency of animals to seek companionship or move into the shade during hot weather. In addition, it is important to understand that a lack of forethought is not a reason to make something an adaptation. In fact, failing to consider the consequences of a choice can render it unadaptive, despite the fact that it appears to be reasonable or even essential.