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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso employs precise pressure and incredible filter technology bean to cup espresso machine produce the delicious coffee we enjoy. How does it work exactly?

To make an espresso, hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, but the major difference is in the pressure.

The Group Head

As the name implies, the group head is where you put your portafilter in when making espresso. It is responsible for dispersing the water into the portafilter and controlling the pressure of the resulting extraction. There are a variety of group heads each with distinct advantages and drawbacks. Some are designed for the stability of temperature while some are built to handle pre-infusion. Others are made to control the lever. Some come with a range of features, such as the E61 one, which is to be the most popular among baristas because of its ability to offer multiple perks in one package.

As you can see in the image above the group head comes with several notches to place your portafilter before twisting it with your hands to lock it in. There is also a rubber gasket that resides inside the notches and helps create a seal when you insert your portafilter into the machine. The notches on the head allow for a precise location of the portafilter which is necessary for an efficient extraction.

In addition to allowing you easily insert your portafilter, the group head is also responsible to maintain an even temperature. This is accomplished by cycling hot water around the portafilter, and through the brew-basket to ensure that the temperature is always at the right level to extract the coffee. It is important to realize that even a slight variation can mean the difference between a great and a great espresso.

The Pump

Contrary to manual piston machines which use a lever to pressurize water, rotary espresso machines rely on motorized pumps to deliver the nine atmospheric bars of pressure needed for espresso extraction. This pressure is built up by pumping water through a heat exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are typically less expensive than piston-driven machines and Machine Espresso tend to last longer, but both types of machines may be damaged by excessive use and inadequate cleaning. Pumps are also more complex mechanically, and can add to the cost of even simplest models.

Some espresso machines employ steam pressure instead of a pump for brewing espresso. The disadvantage of this is that the same boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of water to the point of boiling and can result in over-extraction. Additionally these machines are often required to rebuild their pressure between cups, which requires time and energy.

Many espresso machines use an rotary or a vibration pump. A vibration model employs a rotating disk to generate pressure, while a rotary model pushes hot water through the ground at a high speed. Both types of machines can produce an excellent espresso, however Rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the part which heats the water to the optimal temperature to extract. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter, which contains the ground espresso coffee, and gets funnelled down into the cup. In this process, the steam creates pressure that pushes through the grounds of the coffee. This results in a whipped-up the top of the espresso. This is one of the main characteristics of a good espresso.

There are three types of espresso makers, and they differ in the type of pump they use and how hot the coffee is. There are different ways to control the amount of brew, as well as the size of cup that can be made by the machine.

The first espresso machines were steam-type. They had a single boiler to make both steam and brew but the pressure they could produce was not very high - two bars of atmospheric pressure at the most. The coffee tasted bitter and burned. The modern barista espresso machine machine was designed by the Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most well-known espresso maker is a semi-automatic device that has an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they think of these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans yourself The pump, however, regulates the water flow and pressure. This is an excellent solution that combines human control with mechanized accuracy.

The Filter

Espresso machines typically have filters that separate the grounds of the coffee from hot water. The filter is also a vital component of the temperature control system because it stops the machine from overheating.

It also improves flavor, as it lets you enjoy a longer bloom phase. This helps the beans release their nuances and gives an opportunity for a better extraction.

However it is crucial to keep in mind that even a great filter can produce a bad cup of coffee as the quality of the beans and extraction are important.

It's in this area that the magic occurs. This is what makes espresso taste so delicious. The grouphead (also known as the brewhead) is where you place the portafilter, which is the thingy that you use to put the coffee grounds into, Machine Espresso when making espresso.

In the steam-driven espresso machine hot water is heated in an airtight container to create steam. This then pushes the hot water through the grounds at a high pressure. These types of machines tend to be cheaper and easier to maintain than pump-driven models. They are however limited in their ability for creating the ideal conditions for brewing, as they operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They utilize an air compressor to push hot water through the ground and are much more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.