15 Of The Best Documentaries On Free Evolution
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What is Free Evolution?
Free evolution is the idea that the natural processes of organisms can lead them to evolve over time. This includes the creation of new species and the transformation of the appearance of existing ones.
This has been demonstrated by numerous examples, including stickleback fish varieties that can live in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect types that prefer specific host plants. These typically reversible traits cannot explain fundamental changes to the body's basic plans.
Evolution by Natural Selection
Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all the living organisms that inhabit our planet for many centuries. The best-established explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection, an evolutionary process that occurs when better-adapted individuals survive and reproduce more effectively than those who are less well adapted. Over time, a community of well-adapted individuals increases and 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 eventually becomes a new species.
Natural selection is a cyclical process that is characterized by the interaction of three elements that are inheritance, variation and reproduction. Sexual reproduction and mutation increase the genetic diversity of a species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to the offspring of that person that includes recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, viable offspring which includes both asexual and sexual methods.
Natural selection only occurs when all of these factors are in balance. For example, if a dominant allele at a gene can cause an organism to live and reproduce more frequently than the recessive one, the dominant allele will become more common in the population. But if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or reduces fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self-reinforcing which means that an organism that has an adaptive trait will live and reproduce far more effectively than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The more fit an organism is, measured by its ability reproduce and survive, is the more offspring it can produce. Individuals with favorable characteristics, like longer necks in giraffes, or bright white color patterns in male peacocks are more likely be able to survive and create offspring, and thus will become the majority of the population in the future.
Natural selection is only a force for populations, not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which claims that animals acquire characteristics through use or 무료 에볼루션 neglect. If a giraffe extends its neck to reach prey and the neck grows longer, then its offspring will inherit this characteristic. The differences in neck size between generations will increase until the giraffe becomes unable to breed with other giraffes.
Evolution by Genetic Drift
Genetic drift occurs when alleles of a gene are randomly distributed in a group. In the end, only one will be fixed (become common enough to no longer be eliminated through natural selection) and the other alleles decrease in frequency. This could lead to an allele that is dominant in the extreme. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small number of people this could result in the complete elimination of recessive alleles. This is known as the bottleneck effect and is typical of an evolution process that occurs when the number of individuals migrate to form a group.
A phenotypic bottleneck can also happen when the survivors of a catastrophe such as an epidemic or a mass hunt, are confined into a small area. The survivors will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele which means they will all share the same phenotype and thus have the same fitness characteristics. This situation could be caused by earthquakes, war or even a plague. Regardless of the cause, the genetically distinct population that is left might be susceptible to genetic drift.
Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a deviation from expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known example of twins that are genetically identical, have the exact same phenotype and yet one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.
This kind of drift can play a very important role in the evolution of an organism. But, it's not the only method to develop. The main alternative is a process called natural selection, 무료 에볼루션 where phenotypic variation in the population is maintained through mutation and migration.
Stephens argues that there is a significant distinction between treating drift as a force or as an underlying cause, and 에볼루션사이트 treating other causes of evolution, such as selection, mutation and migration as forces or causes. He claims that a causal process explanation of drift permits us to differentiate it from other forces, and that this distinction is vital. He also argues that drift has a direction, 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험에볼루션 사이트; Wikimapia.Org, i.e., it tends to reduce heterozygosity. It also has a size, which is determined by the size of the population.
Evolution through Lamarckism
When students in high school study biology they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, commonly referred to as "Lamarckism, states that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms by taking on traits that are a product of an organism's use and disuse. Lamarckism can be demonstrated by the giraffe's neck being extended to reach higher levels of leaves in the trees. This would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to their offspring, which then become taller.
Lamarck the French zoologist, presented an idea that was revolutionary in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the conventional wisdom on organic transformation. According to him living things evolved from inanimate matter via the gradual progression of events. Lamarck wasn't the first to make this claim but he was thought of as the first to give the subject a thorough and general explanation.
The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory on natural selection and Lamarckism fought in the 19th Century. Darwinism eventually prevailed and led to the development of what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits can be passed down through generations and instead, it claims that organisms evolve through the selective action of environment elements, like Natural Selection.
Although Lamarck believed in the concept of inheritance through acquired characters, and his contemporaries also paid lip-service to this notion however, it was not an integral part of any of their evolutionary theorizing. This is partly because it was never tested scientifically.
However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age of genomics there is a huge body of evidence supporting the heritability of acquired traits. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. This is a variant that is as reliable as the popular Neodarwinian model.
Evolution by adaptation
One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is its being driven by a struggle to survive. In fact, this view is inaccurate and overlooks the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The fight for survival is better described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment. This could include not just other organisms, but also the physical environment.
Understanding how adaptation works is essential to comprehend evolution. It refers to a specific characteristic that allows an organism to live and reproduce within its environment. It can be a physical structure like feathers or fur. Or it can be a characteristic of behavior, like moving towards shade during the heat, or coming out to avoid the cold at night.
The capacity of a living thing to extract energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environments is essential to its survival. The organism must possess the right genes to produce offspring, and be able to find sufficient food and resources. The organism should also be able to reproduce itself at the rate that is suitable for its particular niche.
These factors, together with mutation and gene flow can result in an alteration in the percentage of alleles (different types of a gene) in the population's gene pool. This shift in the frequency of alleles could lead to the development of new traits and eventually new species as time passes.
Many of the characteristics we admire in animals and plants are adaptations, for example, the lungs or gills that extract oxygen from the air, fur or feathers for insulation and long legs for running away from predators and camouflage to hide. To understand the concept of adaptation, it is important to distinguish between behavioral and physiological characteristics.
Physiological traits like thick fur and gills are physical traits. Behavioral adaptations are not, such as the tendency of animals to seek companionship or move into the shade in hot temperatures. Additionally, it is important to understand that a lack of thought does not mean that something is an adaptation. Inability to think about the implications of a choice even if it appears to be logical, can make it inflexible.
Free evolution is the idea that the natural processes of organisms can lead them to evolve over time. This includes the creation of new species and the transformation of the appearance of existing ones.
This has been demonstrated by numerous examples, including stickleback fish varieties that can live in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect types that prefer specific host plants. These typically reversible traits cannot explain fundamental changes to the body's basic plans.
Evolution by Natural Selection
Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all the living organisms that inhabit our planet for many centuries. The best-established explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection, an evolutionary process that occurs when better-adapted individuals survive and reproduce more effectively than those who are less well adapted. Over time, a community of well-adapted individuals increases and 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 eventually becomes a new species.
Natural selection is a cyclical process that is characterized by the interaction of three elements that are inheritance, variation and reproduction. Sexual reproduction and mutation increase the genetic diversity of a species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to the offspring of that person that includes recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, viable offspring which includes both asexual and sexual methods.
Natural selection only occurs when all of these factors are in balance. For example, if a dominant allele at a gene can cause an organism to live and reproduce more frequently than the recessive one, the dominant allele will become more common in the population. But if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or reduces fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self-reinforcing which means that an organism that has an adaptive trait will live and reproduce far more effectively than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The more fit an organism is, measured by its ability reproduce and survive, is the more offspring it can produce. Individuals with favorable characteristics, like longer necks in giraffes, or bright white color patterns in male peacocks are more likely be able to survive and create offspring, and thus will become the majority of the population in the future.
Natural selection is only a force for populations, not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which claims that animals acquire characteristics through use or 무료 에볼루션 neglect. If a giraffe extends its neck to reach prey and the neck grows longer, then its offspring will inherit this characteristic. The differences in neck size between generations will increase until the giraffe becomes unable to breed with other giraffes.
Evolution by Genetic Drift
Genetic drift occurs when alleles of a gene are randomly distributed in a group. In the end, only one will be fixed (become common enough to no longer be eliminated through natural selection) and the other alleles decrease in frequency. This could lead to an allele that is dominant in the extreme. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small number of people this could result in the complete elimination of recessive alleles. This is known as the bottleneck effect and is typical of an evolution process that occurs when the number of individuals migrate to form a group.
A phenotypic bottleneck can also happen when the survivors of a catastrophe such as an epidemic or a mass hunt, are confined into a small area. The survivors will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele which means they will all share the same phenotype and thus have the same fitness characteristics. This situation could be caused by earthquakes, war or even a plague. Regardless of the cause, the genetically distinct population that is left might be susceptible to genetic drift.
Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a deviation from expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known example of twins that are genetically identical, have the exact same phenotype and yet one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.
This kind of drift can play a very important role in the evolution of an organism. But, it's not the only method to develop. The main alternative is a process called natural selection, 무료 에볼루션 where phenotypic variation in the population is maintained through mutation and migration.
Stephens argues that there is a significant distinction between treating drift as a force or as an underlying cause, and 에볼루션사이트 treating other causes of evolution, such as selection, mutation and migration as forces or causes. He claims that a causal process explanation of drift permits us to differentiate it from other forces, and that this distinction is vital. He also argues that drift has a direction, 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험에볼루션 사이트; Wikimapia.Org, i.e., it tends to reduce heterozygosity. It also has a size, which is determined by the size of the population.
Evolution through Lamarckism
When students in high school study biology they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, commonly referred to as "Lamarckism, states that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms by taking on traits that are a product of an organism's use and disuse. Lamarckism can be demonstrated by the giraffe's neck being extended to reach higher levels of leaves in the trees. This would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to their offspring, which then become taller.
Lamarck the French zoologist, presented an idea that was revolutionary in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the conventional wisdom on organic transformation. According to him living things evolved from inanimate matter via the gradual progression of events. Lamarck wasn't the first to make this claim but he was thought of as the first to give the subject a thorough and general explanation.
The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory on natural selection and Lamarckism fought in the 19th Century. Darwinism eventually prevailed and led to the development of what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits can be passed down through generations and instead, it claims that organisms evolve through the selective action of environment elements, like Natural Selection.
Although Lamarck believed in the concept of inheritance through acquired characters, and his contemporaries also paid lip-service to this notion however, it was not an integral part of any of their evolutionary theorizing. This is partly because it was never tested scientifically.
However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age of genomics there is a huge body of evidence supporting the heritability of acquired traits. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. This is a variant that is as reliable as the popular Neodarwinian model.
Evolution by adaptation
One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is its being driven by a struggle to survive. In fact, this view is inaccurate and overlooks the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The fight for survival is better described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment. This could include not just other organisms, but also the physical environment.
Understanding how adaptation works is essential to comprehend evolution. It refers to a specific characteristic that allows an organism to live and reproduce within its environment. It can be a physical structure like feathers or fur. Or it can be a characteristic of behavior, like moving towards shade during the heat, or coming out to avoid the cold at night.
The capacity of a living thing to extract energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environments is essential to its survival. The organism must possess the right genes to produce offspring, and be able to find sufficient food and resources. The organism should also be able to reproduce itself at the rate that is suitable for its particular niche.
These factors, together with mutation and gene flow can result in an alteration in the percentage of alleles (different types of a gene) in the population's gene pool. This shift in the frequency of alleles could lead to the development of new traits and eventually new species as time passes.
Many of the characteristics we admire in animals and plants are adaptations, for example, the lungs or gills that extract oxygen from the air, fur or feathers for insulation and long legs for running away from predators and camouflage to hide. To understand the concept of adaptation, it is important to distinguish between behavioral and physiological characteristics.
Physiological traits like thick fur and gills are physical traits. Behavioral adaptations are not, such as the tendency of animals to seek companionship or move into the shade in hot temperatures. Additionally, it is important to understand that a lack of thought does not mean that something is an adaptation. Inability to think about the implications of a choice even if it appears to be logical, can make it inflexible.
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