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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that natural processes can cause organisms to develop over time. This includes the emergence and development of new species.

A variety of examples have been provided of this, including various varieties of fish called sticklebacks that can be found in salt or fresh water, as well as walking stick insect varieties that are attracted to particular host plants. These typically reversible traits are not able to explain fundamental changes to the basic body plan.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the evolution of all living creatures that inhabit our planet for many centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selection theory is the best-established explanation. This is because people who are more well-adapted are able to reproduce faster and longer than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, a group of well-adapted individuals increases and eventually creates a new species.

Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of three factors: variation, reproduction and inheritance. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction, both of which increase the genetic diversity within the species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to their offspring, which includes both recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the process of producing viable, fertile offspring. This can be achieved through sexual or asexual methods.

All of these variables must be in balance for natural selection to occur. For instance when the dominant allele of the gene causes an organism to survive and reproduce more frequently than the recessive allele the dominant allele will become more prevalent in the population. However, if the gene confers an unfavorable survival advantage or reduces fertility, it will be eliminated from the population. The process is self reinforcing, which means that an organism that has an adaptive trait will live and reproduce more quickly than those with a maladaptive trait. The more offspring an organism can produce the more fit it is that is determined by its capacity to reproduce itself and survive. People with good traits, like having a longer neck in giraffes and bright white patterns of color 바카라 에볼루션 in male peacocks are more likely survive and produce offspring, so they will become the majority of the population in the future.

Natural selection is only an aspect of populations and not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which claims that animals acquire characteristics through use or neglect. If a giraffe extends its neck to catch prey and its neck gets longer, then its offspring will inherit this characteristic. The differences in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe is unable to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

In the process of genetic drift, alleles of a gene could attain different frequencies in a group through random events. In the end, only one will be fixed (become common enough to no longer be eliminated by natural selection), and the other alleles will drop in frequency. In the extreme, this leads to a single allele dominance. The other alleles are virtually eliminated and heterozygosity been reduced to a minimum. In a small number of people this could result in the total elimination of recessive allele. Such a scenario would be called a bottleneck effect, and it is typical of the kind of evolutionary process that takes place when a large amount of individuals migrate to form a new population.

A phenotypic bottleneck can also happen when the survivors of a disaster, such as an epidemic or a massive hunt, are confined within a narrow area. The survivors will carry an dominant allele, and will share the same phenotype. This situation could be caused by earthquakes, war, or even plagues. Whatever the reason the genetically distinct population that remains is susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a departure from expected values due to differences in fitness. They give the famous example of twins who are genetically identical and share the same phenotype, but one is struck by lightning and dies, whereas the other is able to reproduce.

This type of drift is very important in the evolution of an entire species. However, it is not the only way to develop. The most common alternative is a process known as natural selection, in which the phenotypic diversity of a population is maintained by mutation and migration.

Stephens argues that there is a big distinction between treating drift as a force or as a cause and treating other causes of evolution like mutation, selection and migration as causes or causes. He argues that a causal-process model of drift allows us to differentiate it from other forces and that this distinction is essential. He argues further that drift is both direction, i.e., it tends towards eliminating heterozygosity. It also has a size, which is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

When high school students study biology they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, 에볼루션 코리아에볼루션 카지노 사이트 (Fewpal.Com) commonly referred to as "Lamarckism is based on the idea that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms inheriting characteristics that are a product of the organism's use and misuse. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with a picture of a giraffe that extends its neck to reach the higher branches in the trees. This process would cause giraffes to give their longer necks to offspring, who would then become taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his lecture to begin his course on invertebrate zoology held at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th May 1802, he introduced an innovative concept that completely challenged previous thinking about organic transformation. According to him living things evolved from inanimate matter via a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the first to propose this but he was regarded as the first to provide the subject a thorough and general treatment.

The dominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism fought during the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately prevailed and led to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits can be passed down through generations and instead argues organisms evolve by the selective action of environment factors, such as Natural Selection.

Although Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance through acquired characters and his contemporaries also offered a few words about this idea however, it was not a central element in any of their theories about evolution. This is partly because it was never scientifically tested.

But it is now more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and, in the age of genomics there is a vast amount of evidence that supports the possibility of inheritance of acquired traits. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more generally epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is as reliable as the popular neodarwinian model.

Evolution by Adaptation

One of the most commonly-held misconceptions about evolution is that it is being driven by a struggle for survival. In fact, this view is inaccurate and overlooks the other forces that drive evolution. The fight for survival can be better described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment. This may include not only other organisms but also the physical environment.

To understand how evolution works it is important to understand what is adaptation. Adaptation refers to any particular feature that allows an organism to live and reproduce within its environment. It could be a physical feature, like feathers or fur. Or it can be a behavior trait, like moving into the shade during hot weather or escaping the cold at night.

The capacity of a living thing to extract energy from its environment and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environment, is crucial to its survival. The organism must have the right genes to generate offspring, and it should be able to locate enough food and other resources. The organism must also be able reproduce itself at a rate that is optimal for its niche.

These factors, in conjunction with gene flow and mutations can cause an alteration in the ratio of different alleles within the gene pool of a population. Over time, this change in allele frequencies can result in the development of new traits and eventually new species.

Many of the characteristics we appreciate in plants and animals are adaptations. For instance lung or gills that extract oxygen from air, fur and feathers as insulation and long legs to get away from predators, and camouflage to hide. To understand the concept of adaptation, it is important to discern between physiological and behavioral traits.

Physical traits such as the thick fur and gills are physical traits. The behavioral adaptations aren't, such as the tendency of animals to seek companionship or move into the shade during hot temperatures. It is also important to note that lack of planning does not make an adaptation. A failure to consider the consequences of a decision even if it appears to be logical, can make it inflexible.