자유게시판

• 목록
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the notion that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the emergence and development of new species.

Numerous examples have been offered of this, including different kinds of stickleback fish that can live in either fresh or salt water and walking stick insect varieties that favor particular host plants. These reversible traits cannot explain fundamental changes to basic body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all living creatures that live on our planet for ages. Charles Darwin's natural selection theory is the best-established explanation. This process occurs when those who are better adapted have more success in reproduction and survival than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a population of well-adapted individuals expands and eventually forms a whole new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process that involves the interaction of three elements that are inheritance, variation and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction both of which enhance the genetic diversity within an animal species. Inheritance refers the transmission of genetic characteristics, which includes both dominant and recessive genes and their offspring. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, viable offspring, which includes both asexual and sexual methods.

All of these factors must be in balance to allow natural selection to take place. If, for instance, a dominant gene allele makes an organism reproduce and survive more than the recessive allele The dominant allele is more prevalent in a group. If the allele confers a negative survival advantage or decreases the fertility of the population, it will be eliminated. This process is self-reinforcing meaning that an organism with an adaptive trait will live and reproduce much more than those with a maladaptive trait. The more fit an organism is which is measured by its ability to reproduce and survive, is the more offspring it produces. Individuals with favorable traits, like having a longer neck in giraffes or bright white patterns of color in male peacocks are more likely survive and have offspring, so they will make up the majority of the population over time.

Natural selection is only a force for populations, 에볼루션 슬롯 not on individual organisms. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which claims that animals acquire characteristics by use or inactivity. For instance, if the Giraffe's neck grows longer due to stretching to reach prey its offspring will inherit a longer neck. The difference in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe is no longer able to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when alleles from the same gene are randomly distributed in a population. In the end, only one will be fixed (become common enough to no longer be eliminated by natural selection), and the rest of the alleles will decrease in frequency. In extreme cases, this leads to dominance of a single allele. Other alleles have been essentially eliminated and heterozygosity has decreased to a minimum. In a small group this could result in the total elimination of recessive allele. This is called a bottleneck effect, and it is typical of the kind of evolutionary process when a large amount of people migrate to form a new population.

A phenotypic bottleneck may also occur when the survivors of a disaster such as an outbreak or mass hunt event are concentrated in a small area. The surviving individuals are likely to be homozygous for 에볼루션사이트 the dominant allele, which means that they will all have the same phenotype, and thus have the same fitness characteristics. This situation might be caused by a war, earthquake, or 무료 에볼루션 even a plague. Whatever the reason, the genetically distinct population that remains could be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh and Ariew define drift as a deviation from expected values due to differences in fitness. They cite a famous example of twins that are genetically identical, have identical phenotypes and yet one is struck by lightning and dies, whereas the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift can play a crucial part in the evolution of an organism. But, it's not the only way to evolve. Natural selection is the primary alternative, in which mutations and migrations maintain the phenotypic diversity of the population.

Stephens claims that there is a vast difference between treating drift like a force or cause, and considering other causes, 에볼루션 게이밍 such as migration and selection as forces and causes. Stephens claims that a causal process explanation of drift permits us to differentiate it from other forces, and that this distinction is essential. He also claims that drift is a directional force: that is it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. He also claims that it also has a specific magnitude that is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution through Lamarckism

When high school students take biology classes, they are frequently introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, commonly called "Lamarckism, states that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms by inheriting characteristics that result from the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism is typically illustrated with an image of a giraffe that extends its neck to reach higher up in the trees. This would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to offspring, who would then get taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his lecture to begin his course on invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on 17 May 1802, he presented an innovative concept that completely challenged the previous understanding of organic transformation. According to him living things had evolved from inanimate matter through an escalating series of steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this might be the case, but he is widely seen as having given the subject his first comprehensive and comprehensive analysis.

The most popular story is that Lamarckism was a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection and that the two theories battled each other in the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately won which led to what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits can be passed down and instead argues organisms evolve by the influence of environment factors, including Natural Selection.

While Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance through acquired characters and his contemporaries offered a few words about this idea, it was never a major feature in any of their theories about evolution. This is partly because it was never tested scientifically.

But it is now more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age genomics, there is a large body of evidence supporting the heritability of acquired traits. This is also known as "neo Lamarckism", or more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a variant of evolution that is as valid as the more popular neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution through Adaptation

One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is that it is being driven by a struggle for survival. In reality, this notion misrepresents natural selection and ignores the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The struggle for existence is better described as a fight to survive in a particular environment. This may include not just other organisms as well as the physical environment itself.

To understand how evolution works it is important to consider what adaptation is. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows a living thing to survive in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical structure like fur or feathers. It could also be a characteristic of behavior, like moving into the shade during hot weather or moving out to avoid the cold at night.

The ability of an organism to draw energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms and their physical environment is essential to its survival. The organism needs to have the right genes to generate offspring, and must be able to find enough food and other resources. In addition, the organism should be capable of reproducing in a way that is optimally within its environment.

These factors, along with gene flow and mutation can result in changes in the ratio of alleles (different varieties of a particular gene) in the population's gene pool. This change in allele frequency can result in the emergence of novel traits and eventually new species in the course of time.

Many of the characteristics we find appealing in plants and animals are adaptations. For example lung or gills that draw oxygen from air feathers and fur as insulation, long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage to hide. To understand the concept of adaptation it is essential to differentiate between physiological and behavioral traits.

Physiological adaptations, such as the thick fur or gills are physical traits, whereas behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to search for companions or to move to shade in hot weather, aren't. It is important to keep in mind that insufficient planning does not cause an adaptation. Failure to consider the effects of a behavior, even if it appears to be rational, could make it inflexible.